As in the province of South-Holland, the route in North-Holland follows traffic-free cycle tracks through long stretches of dunes. You will pass a number of impressive country estates south of the Noordzeekanaal, the canal connecting Amsterdam with the North Sea. You cross by means of a frequent, free, ferry service.
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North-Holland
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Delta works
During the flood disaster of February 1953, the dikes burst at several places on the islands of South Holland and Zeeland. Large areas were inundated and more than 1500 people lost their lives. In order to prevent a repetition of this catastrophe the Delta plan was drawn up. It lasted until the end of the 20th century for all the measures in which the plan had foreseen to be executed.
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Dunes
Characteristic for the Dutch west coast and the Wadden coast are the dunes. Coasts consisting of dunes are relatively rare. Of the over 15,000 kilometres of Atlantic coast in Western Europe, only 3,000 kilometre are dunes, almost 250 kilometres are along the Dutch coast. Other large dune areas are to be found in Denmark, Belgium and here and there in northern France and on all the Wadden islands. In the flat Netherlands, dunes are part of the most 'mountainous' areas.
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Agriculture behind the dunes and dikes
Despite the fact that the Netherlands belong to the most densely populated countries in the world, two-thirds of the land are still used for agricultural means. The Netherlands is flat, the soil is fertile and it rains regularly: good conditions for rational agriculture and high yields. Agriculture is important for the economy, but for the cyclist it is especially important that the Dutch landscape would look quite different and in many ways less attractive without the agriculture. For example, think about the tulip fields, the piebald cows and the green meadows with the wide ditches, in which the Dutch cloudy skies are reflected at their best.
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Wadden sea and wadden islands
The Wadden area is a vast wildlife area between the North sea and the coasts of the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. The surface area is no less than 8000 square kilometres and it stretches from Den Helder to the west coast of Denmark. The area includes the vast sandbars and mud flats, an amount of fifty islands and the areas outside the dikes of the mainland. About 30% of this area, 240.000 ha, belongs to the Netherlands. <BR>The Wadden are unique because of their landscape and the large amount of birds. The birds that forage here breed in West-Africa, Siberia and eastern Canada, as a result of which the Wadden sea is a wildlife area of international significance. Some species of birds even depend on the wadden area for a substantial part of their world population.
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The wadden coast of Groningen and Friesland
The coastal area of Friesland and Groningen originally looked like the landscape that we still find on the south side of some wadden islands: creek-veined saltings, where the sea sought its way land inwards, at high tide. In the course of time man has defended himself against the sea in various ways with increasing success. The traces of all the efforts are clearly visible in the landscape: the terps and wierden (artificial mounds) date even from before the construction of dikes, when the land was regularly flooded. Of later date are the dikes of different generations. They show how Groningen and Friesland were reclaimed from the sea, step by step.
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The wadden coast of Groningen and Friesland
The coastal area of Friesland and Groningen originally looked like the landscape that we still find on the south side of some wadden islands: creek-veined saltings, where the sea sought its way land inwards, at high tide. In the course of time man has defended himself against the sea in various ways with increasing success. The traces of all the efforts are clearly visible in the landscape: the terps and wierden (artificial mounds) date even from before the construction of dikes, when the land was regularly flooded. Of later date are the dikes of different generations. They show how Groningen and Friesland were reclaimed from the sea, step by step. -
Sweden
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Facts & useful information
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Geographical description of Belgium
<BR>Belgium is situated in the west of Europe, bordered to the north by the Netherlands, to the east by Germany and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and to the south and the west by France. Although its surface area of 32,545 km2 makes it a small country, its location has made it the economic and urban nerve centre of Europe.
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